Basics
Dynamics: piano and forte
How playing softly or strongly gives music feeling and expression.
2 min read
The word piano actually means "soft" in Italian. The instrument got its full name, pianoforte, because unlike earlier keyboard instruments, it could play both softly (piano) and loudly (forte).
Weight, not force
You do not hit the keys with tight muscles to play loud. Instead, you drop the natural weight of your arm and forearm into the key. To play softly, you support that weight and let the keys go down gently.
Tip: Keep your wrists flexible and relaxed. Think of pushing through the key rather than slapping the surface.
Common dynamic markings
- p (piano) — soft and gentle
- mp (mezzo-piano) — moderately soft
- mf (mezzo-forte) — moderately strong, like a normal speaking voice
- f (forte) — strong and confident